An online presentation by Sean Monkman on the American Concrete Institute (ACI) platform.
The ACI recently hosted a presentation on the innovative topic of utilising CO2 as a performance-enhancing admixture in ready-mix concrete. This is the Part 2 of a four-part article.
…continued from Part 1.
Motivation for CO2 Utilisation
As Monkman continued his presentation, he addressed the urgency of exploring alternative uses for CO2, recognising that burying it underground is not the only solution. He highlighted the ambitious goal set by the industry, aiming for one cement plant capturing CO2 every week, starting from 2030 onwards. This goal emphasises the increasing focus on carbon capture to meet sustainability targets. Monkman underscored the need to derive value from CO2 within the cement and concrete value chain.
Introduction to CO2 as an admixture
The core of Carbon Cure Technologies’ approach involves utilising CO2 as an admixture in the concrete production process. Monkman provided an overview of the system, showcasing a tank of cryogenic CO2 connected to a control box. This control box facilitates the injection of CO2 in a controlled dose, much like a conventional admixture, whether in a truck-mixed or central batch situation. This integration seamlessly incorporates CO2 into the batching control system, treating it as another essential ingredient in the concrete mixture.
Comparing CO2 and admixtures
Drawing parallels between CO2 and traditional admixtures, Monkman illustrated how the system mirrors existing practices in concrete production. He emphasised the ease with which the CO2 injection system can be retrofitted into existing concrete plants, similar to the implementation of traditional admixtures. The presentation showcased a supply of cryogenic CO2 in liquid form, which transforms into a mixture of solid and gas upon injection into the concrete at atmospheric temperature and pressure.
Chemical reactions and impact on concrete
Monkman explained the chemical reactions that occur when CO2 is used as an admixture. As cryogenic CO2 is injected and flash converts, it adheres to the wet, mixed concrete, initiating a chemical reaction. In simplified terms, the reaction involves the formation of calcium carbonate, a new mineral within the cement paste. This process catalyses the formation of CSHL (calcium silicate hydrate gel), contributing to the concrete’s strength.
Concrete strength enhancement
To support the efficacy of CO2 as an admixture, Monkman shared findings from practical applications. In one case, CO2 was injected into a truck at a pre-industrial stage, showcasing varied doses and their corresponding impact on concrete strength. The results demonstrated an optimum dosage, with lower and higher doses showing diminishing returns. The strength gains were not only observed at early ages but were sustained over an extended period, from 7 days to 91 days, highlighting the long-term benefits of CO2 utilisation in concrete production.
Industrial application and performance
Monkman concluded his presentation with a case study from 2014, where the CO2 injection technology was integrated into the batching cycle of a concrete plant. The results showed an 8% increase in strength at seven days and a 7% increase at 28 days, with no adverse effects on air content or slump. The successful integration of CO2 as an admixture led to an enhanced efficiency of the cement in the mix, showcasing its potential to contribute to the industry’s sustainability goals.
In summary, Sean Monkman’s presentation at the American Concrete Institute provided valuable insights into the innovative use of CO2 as a performance-enhancing admixture in ready-mix concrete. The integration of this technology not only aligns with industry goals for carbon capture but also demonstrates tangible benefits in terms of concrete strength and sustainability. As the concrete industry continues to evolve, such advancements play a crucial role in shaping a more environmentally friendly and efficient future.
Continued in Part 3…
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